Which theorist developed Theory of Goal Attainment, positing humans as three interacting systems that lead to goal attainment?

• A. Imogene King
• B. Callista Roy
• C. Dorothea Orem
• D. Betty Neuman

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is that goal attainment comes from a collaborative process between nurse and patient, structured around three interacting levels of human systems: personal, interpersonal, and social. Imogene King proposed this framework, describing how individuals interact with others and with broader social contexts, and how perception, communication, and action lead to mutual goals and their achievement. In her view, the nurse guides the process by facilitating goal setting, planning, and evaluation through ongoing interactions, so outcomes reflect agreed-upon goals. This emphasis on a transactional, goal-oriented partnership distinguishes her Theory of Goal Attainment from models that focus more on adaptation, self-care, or system-level stressors.